ABSTRACT
In view of the increasing number of patients undergoing kidney dialysis or transplant every year, a survey of the literature on renal protective medicinal plants was undertaken. Most of them are from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although many of the medicinal herbs reported have not been investigated in terms of active chemical ingredients, some do have compounds well characterized. They fall into a wide range of structures. Several groups of compounds with well established activities are discussed. These include: antioxidant phenolic compounds like tannins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, unsaturated organic acids and lignans; circulation enhancing compounds like saponins, and basic alkaloids with multiple targets (G-protein coupled receptors). Also presented are proinflammatory and antiinflammatory fatty acids like linoleic (n-6) and α-linolenic (n-3) acids, respectively. Attention is also drawn to the plants containing nephrotoxic aristolochic acid. Different directions of future research are also presented. We hope that this review may provide some leads for new drug discovery and development, and more rational application of TCM.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Kidney , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Protective Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Objective Impedance control plays an important role in stability.This paper intends to explore such mechanism through modeling human reaching movement.Method Implemented with revised model,we ap-ply optimal control theory to neuro-muscle-skeleton model to calculate the stiffness ellipses.Result Com-pared with the original model and experimental figures,the model we proposed could overcome the shortage of monotonous changing of the original one and fit the data better.Conclusions So that this paper concludes that co-contraction contributes to impedance control even during free upper limb planar movement.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we investigate how the population of neuronal oscillators deals with information, and analyze the dynamic evolution of neural coding when the outer stimulation acts on it on the base of our former work. By numerically computing for the model, we obtain the figure of average number density, which is used to describe the action potential of the neurons within population in three-dimensional space, namely the dynamic evolution of neural coding. The result of numerical analysis indicates that the model in this paper can be used to describe the evolutional process of abundant mutual interactional neurons acted by outer stimulation. The numerical result also proves that only the suitable stimulation can change the coupling structure of neurons. And the evolution model given in this paper incarnates the neural plasticity.